Identify extraneous variables that may affect your project.— Discuss both those

Identify extraneous variables that may affect your project.— Discuss both those noted by you, as well as those listed by the authors in your literature review as Limitations in the studies that you read for your project.
Project Summary is below:
Standardized Primary Care Depression Screening
Mental health screening questionnaires are used by primary care providers to identify individuals at risk of mental health conditions, such as anxiety or depression. These questionnaires are typically administered before every primary care visit and are designed to be quick and easy for patients to complete (Mulvaney-Day et al., 2018). The results of the questionnaire are then used to inform the primary care provider’s assessment of the patient’s mental health status. This will guide any necessary interventions or referrals to mental health specialists. Implementing standardized mental health screening in primary care can help improve access to mental health care and support early identification and treatment of mental health conditions.
Background of the Problem
Mental health conditions, such as depression and anxiety, are common among patients in primary care settings, yet many of these individuals do not receive appropriate or timely treatment. One reason for this is that mental health conditions can be difficult to identify in primary care settings, as they often present with non-specific symptoms or are comorbid with other physical health conditions. Research has shown that implementing standardized mental health screening in primary care can help improve the identification and management of mental health conditions (Salari et al., 2020). For example, a systematic review of mental health screening in primary care found that the use of standardized screening tools, such as the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9), was associated with improved detection of depression and increased rates of appropriate treatment and follow-up.
Another study found that primary care patients who were screened for depression and received appropriate treatment had significantly improved mental health outcomes. This was compared to those who did not receive screening or treatment. Additionally, research suggests that primary care-based mental health screening is cost-effective, as early identification and treatment of mental health conditions can prevent the development of more severe and costly conditions down the road.
Significance of the Problem
Failure to identify and treat mental health conditions in primary care settings has significant consequences for patients and the healthcare system. For patients, untreated mental health conditions can lead to increased disability and decreased quality of life. They may also lead to increased use of healthcare resources, such as emergency department visits and hospitalizations, as well as higher rates of absenteeism and lost productivity.
For the healthcare system, untreated mental health conditions can contribute to increased healthcare costs. Studies have shown that individuals with untreated mental health conditions have higher healthcare costs than those without mental health conditions, and that early identification and treatment of mental health conditions can lead to cost savings (Rogers et al., 2021). The implementation of standardized mental health screening in primary care can help to address these issues by improving the identification and management of mental health conditions, and ultimately leading to better patient outcomes and cost savings for the healthcare system (Keles et al., 2020). It can also help to reduce mental health stigma, by making it easy to identify and treat mental health conditions in a primary care setting.
PICOT Clinical Question
In this situation, the PICOT question will center on the use of standardized mental health screening questionnaires as part of routine primary care. The PICOT question is: In adult primary care patients, how does the use of mental health screening questionnaires prior to each visit compared to traditional mental health screening methods in terms of improving the identification and diagnosis of mental health conditions?