Respond to post below: My project involves promoting self-efficacy in children w

Respond to post below:
My project involves promoting self-efficacy in children who have become Type 1 Diabetics. Measuring the efficacy of the patient is important, and giving an objective number to their ability will include using a psychiatric instrument. One reliable instrument that measures self-efficacy is the General Self-Efficacy Scale (GSES). This is a psychometric scale that measures how confident a person is in their ability in handling various situations, including managing their disease regimen. The scale consists of 10 items rated on a Likert scale with four points, ranging from “exactly true” to “not at all true”. Developed by Alfred Bandura, The GSES was created for those twelve years of age and older. It is used to assess perceived self-efficacy as it pertains to adaptation abilities and coping scales for stressful events and for daily activities (Riopel, 2019).
This instrument is widely used in clinical practice and research. It has been shown to have good reliability and validity across various cultures and populations, and the scores have been correlated to many positive outcomes, including lower levels of anxiety and depression, better coping skills, improved health behaviors, and lower levels of anxiety and depression. These points are important in the focus of my project, so this instrument may be a very effective tool to use. The GSE items showed high internal consistency (Cronbach alpha = 0.95) and test-retest reliability (IR = 0.96) (Gomes et al., 2018). Another study showed results supporting the GSE’s structural and convergent validity as well as measurement invariance across gender (Lazic et al., 2021;2018).
Medication non-compliance has factors associated with the issue, and five barriers were identified as related to the problem. Patient factors such as age, sex, and education, regimen complexity, poor communication with physicians or providers, lack of medication review and follow-up, and healthcare literacy were among the challenges to adherence to medication regimens. Also, understanding the importance of compliance can be problematic to medication adherence (Lamarche et al., 2018).
There are other self-efficacy scales that have shown good validity and reliability. They include the Self-Efficacy for Medication Adherence Scale (SEMAS), the Diabetes Self-Efficacy Scale (DSES), and the Self-Efficacy for Managing Chronic Disease Scale (SEMCD). As my project evolves, each scale could be evaluated for how well it performs in the specific areas the project is focused on.
References
Gomes, A. L. A., Joventino, E. S., Lima, K. F., Dodt, R. C. M., Almeida, P. C. d., & Ximenes, L. B. (2018). Validation and reliability of the scale self-efficacy and their child’s level of asthma control. Revista Brasileira De Enfermagem, 71(2), 406-412.
Lamarche, L., Tejpal, A., & Mangin, D. (2018). Self-efficacy for medication management: a systematic review of instruments. Patient preference and adherence, 12, 1279–1287.
Lazic, M., Jovanovic, V., & Gavrilov-Jerkovic, V. (2021;2018;). The general self-efficacy scale: New evidence of structural validity, measurement invariance, and predictive properties in relationship to subjective well-being in serbian samples. Current Psychology (New Brunswick, N.J.), 40(2), 699-710.
Riopel, L. (2019). Measuring self-efficacy with scales and questionnaires. https://positivepsychology.com/self-efficacy-scales/