1. What characteristics of the work of Hans Rosling in the video “200 Countries

1. What characteristics of the work of Hans Rosling in the video “200 Countries 200 Years” make his studies ecologic in nature?
2. What are the strengths and weaknesses of ecologic studies?
3. Develop a research question that could be answered using an ecologic study. Make sure to include both your exposure and outcome. Be creative; don’t use examples from the text or slides.
4. What characteristics of the study “Tobacco Product Use Among Middle School and High School Students” make this a cross-sectional study ?
5. What are the strengths and weaknesses of cross sectional studies ?
6. What are some specific limitations of this particular cross-sectional study? How do these limitations affect the results of the study ?
7. What characteristics of the study “Postmenopausal Estrogen Use and Coronary Atherosclerosis” makes this a case-control study ?
8. What are the strengths and weaknesses of case control studies ?
9. In this study, the researchers found that the odds of coronary artery disease among estrogen users compared to the risk for non-users was 0.44. How should this OR be interpreted ?
10. In order to investigate the association between alcohol consumption and breast cancer, you collaborate with a local hospital to identify patients with an initial diagnosis of breast cancer from January 1, 2020 to December 31, 2022. You enroll into the study 100 breast cancer patients diagnosed during this time interval. You also recruit individuals of similar age and sex seen during the same time interval at the same hospital for illnesses other than breast cancer. These individuals are screened to rule out known breast cancer and to ensure that their illnesses do not preclude completing study questionnaires. There are 150 individuals without breast cancer who agree to participate. By questionnaire you determine alcohol use status of the participants in the 5 years preceding their hospital visit and you classify each participant as either yes alcohol consumption or no alcohol consumption. In result, 65 of the breast cancer patients and 50 of the patients with alternate diagnoses were classified as alcohol drinkers.
What study design are you conducting?
11. Using data from the previous question, make a 2 by 2 table, and compute the appropriate measure of association for this study design.
12. Interpret the measure of association computed in the previous question.
13. For the question regarding alcohol and breast cancer, is there any source to recruit controls other than the same hospital?