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While benzodiazepines are relatively safe to use for 2-4 weeks, prolonged use leads to physical dependence and should be avoided, especially for older adults due to the amplification of side effects (sedation, confusion, and falls) (Timko et al., 2022). For disorders such as insomnia, studies show little advantage of benzodiazepines over placebos after an initial period of improvement during the first few weeks (Timko et al., 2022). Furthermore, benzodiazepines are not recommended as sleep aids for individuals with sleep apnea, which commonly occurs with insomnia, due to the increased risk of acute respiratory failure (Timko et al., 2022). In addition to the potential dependence and abuse of benzodiazepines, other major risks include cognitive impairment (drowsiness, increased reaction time, and anterograde amnesia), motor vehicle accidents, and hip fractures (Timko et al., 2022).
Individuals who have used benzodiazepine long-term and want to discontinue use may face difficulty finding detoxification programs in the U.S. (Timko et al., 2022). Tapering off benzodiazepines requires careful attention to avoid seizures, withdrawal delirium, and treatment of other withdrawal symptoms (Timko et al., 2022).
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