Gigi, a 14-year-old female presented to her pediatric practitioner with increasi

Gigi, a 14-year-old female presented to her pediatric practitioner with increasing fatigue and weakness. She recently began experiencing shortness of breath with performance of routine physical activity. Gigi had no personal or family history of anemia, unusual dietary habits, or bleeding. On physical examination, pallor and tachycardia were noted without other abnormal findings. Selected laboratory studies are listed.
Complete Blood Count (CBC)
Hemoglobin (Hb):
6.6 gm/dL
Red cell distribution width (RDW):
21.5%
Reticulocytes:
0.7%
Erythrocytes:
3.4 × 106/mm3
Leukocytes:
8,100/mm3
Mean cell volume (MCV):
68 Aum3
Platelets (PIt):
480,000/mm3
Mean cell hemoglobin concentration (MCHC):
28.7 g/dL
Microscopic examination of the peripheral blood smear revealed red blood cell changes as seen in Image 1. Additional laboratory work was ordered.
Total serum iron (TSI):
20
Total serum iron binding capacity
(TIBC):
400
Transferrin saturation:
5%
Serum ferritin:
12 ng/mL
question
1. What is the epidemiology of Iron Deficiency anemia? (CDC; WHO; other resources)
4. What is the most common cause of iron deficiency anemia in the United States?
9. Why does the normoblast contain increased mRNA?
13. What is the Primary Diagnosis? What are two possible differential diagnoses? What is the likely outcome of this case?

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