Replies to the article posted by a peer (YANERIS MORE) 1. During case presentati

Replies to the article posted by a peer (YANERIS MORE)
1. During case presentation at your clinic, you are reviewing four women with predisposing factors for osteoporosis . Which patient is least likely to be at risk for osteoporosis?
A. Nehineza, an overweight African American female with a family history of uterine cancer, is least likely to be at risk for osteoporosis. Being overweight can help protect against osteoporosis because it puts more weight on the bones and stimulates bone growth. African American women also tend to have higher bone density, which can reduce their risk of osteoporosis. Although a family history of uterine cancer is not directly related to osteoporosis, it is essential to consider it in terms of overall health.
B. Cristina, a Hispanic woman living a sedentary life, is at increased risk for osteoporosis. A sedentary lifestyle and lack of weight-bearing exercise can increase the risk of osteoporosis.
C. Park-Gim-Ka, an underweight Asian woman with a history of tobacco use, is at increased risk for osteoporosis. Being underweight and smoking are both risk factors for osteoporosis.
D. Skylar, a Caucasian woman experiencing an early onset of menopause, is at increased risk for osteoporosis. Estrogen helps protect bones, so women who experience early onset of menopause have less time with higher levels of estrogen to protect their bones, putting them at greater risk for osteoporosis. Caucasians are also at higher risk for osteoporosis than African Americans.
2. Densitometry results are given as T-scores; which values would be considered osteopenia?
• Osteopenia: T-score between -1.0 and -2.5
3. After prompt analysis of your patient, you decide to institute treatment for osteoporosis. Which class of medication is considered the first-line treatment? Are there any considerations to be taken before starting therapy? Which recommendations would you provide to the patient regarding this treatment?
The first-line treatment for osteoporosis is typically a class of medications called bisphosphonates (Alendronate most popular and Risedronate). Bisphosphonates work by slowing down the process of bone breakdown, which can help prevent further bone loss and reduce the risk of fractures. Before starting bisphosphonate therapy, assessing the patient’s renal function is essential, as these drugs are eliminated primarily through the kidneys. Bisphosphonates should not be administered to patients with severe renal impairment. It is also important to ensure that the patient has adequate calcium and vitamin D intake, as these nutrients are essential for bone health and can enhance the efficacy of bisphosphonates. When starting bisphosphonate therapy, counseling the patient on proper administration and potential side effects is essential. To prevent esophageal discomfort, patients should take bisphosphonates with a full glass of water on an empty stomach, sitting up for at least 30 minutes afterward. Common side effects include gastrointestinal upset, flu-like symptoms, and musculoskeletal pain. Patients should be advised to report any persistent or severe side effects to their healthcare provider. In addition to medication therapy, patients with osteoporosis should also be counseled on lifestyle modifications to help reduce their risk of fractures. This includes weight-bearing exercise, smoking cessation, and fall prevention strategies. Adequate calcium and vitamin D intake is also essential, and supplements may be recommended if dietary intake is insufficient.
References
Clinician’s guide to prevention and treatment of osteoporosis. (2018, May 19). PubMed Central (PMC). https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4176573/
Kling, Clarke, Sandhu, M. J. (2018, July 1). Osteoporosis prevention, screening, and treatment: A review. PubMed Central (PMC). https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4089021/
The national osteoporosis Foundation (NOF) is now the bone health and osteoporosis Foundation (BHOF). (2021, October 20). Bone Health & Osteoporosis Foundation. https://www.bonehealthandosteoporosis.org/news/national-osteoporosis-foundation-is-now-bone-health-and-osteoporosis-foundation/