Two separate peer responses. Minimum of 75 words each. #1 Late at night, a pedes

Two separate peer responses. Minimum of 75 words each.
#1
Late at night, a pedestrian was walking across the crosswalk when a car ran a red light and hit that pedestrian. That pedestrian was thrown 5 meters away and landed on the sidewalk. That pedestrian was transported to the nearest trauma center. While at the hospital, healthcare workers discovered that the driver was driving under the influence. Lab and diagnostic imaging came back it was discovered that there was both primary and secondary spinal injury.
Primary spinal cord injuries are physical injuries that occur first. “The initial mechanical forces delivered to the spinal cord at the time of injury is known as primary injury where displaced bone fragments, disc materials, and/or ligaments bruise or tear into the spinal cord tissue” (Alizadeth, 2019). Primary spinal cord injuries cause symptoms of paralysis. Secondary spinal cord injuries occur a few minutes/hours after and these injuries have long-lasting effects that can continue for months. Secondary spinal cord injuries involve swelling, inflammation, and hemorrhage. Clinicians would be able to classify these injuries by ordering bloodwork and diagnostic imaging.
This patient had suffered a compressive injury of the spine that caused fractures of the t1-6 vertebrae. Because the patient’s body experienced a traumatic injury, the body will react with the natural response of activating the immune system. As the pedestrian’s immune system reacts to the injured regions of the body, it increases blood flow to the fractured vertebrae, causing connective and epithelial tissues to put pressure on nervous tissue. This would cause the patient to experience pain, redness, and swelling. The swelling due to the inflammation would cause tissues to put pressure on nervous tissue, causing pain, redness, and swelling.
#2
According to the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA), each year over 5,500 motorcyclists are killed and almost 83,000 are injured in traffic accidents. One of the most common personal injuries are spinal cord injuries after a motorcycle accident. (Phiri, 2023.) Spinal cord injuries damage the spinal cord. Our spinal cord is part of the CNS along with the brain. It is our spinal cord that sends messages from the brain to the body. Our spinal cord connects to the PNS and it are these branches of nerves that are responsible for all the functions and sensations that help with feeling pressure, temperature and pain. So when the spinal cord gets damaged we lose access to the process center of our brain. Depending on how bad the damage is depends on the type of spinal cord injury and the location of damage. There are two types of spinal cord injuries:
Incomplete or Partial: this is a spinal cord injury that does not severe meaning this damage can be to the vertebrae surrounding the spinal cord such as compression or impingement. This would cause restriction to the nerves to where only some messages are allowed to be sent. Other forms of damage can iclude whiplash, or a tear or rip. Symptoms that will come along with an incomplete or partial spinal cord injury include decreases sensation, function and movement. There will be numbness, pins and needles and extreme pain that comes and goes. These types of spinal cord injuries will never have a full recovery but can be helped with PT and OT.
Complete or Total: a spinal cord injury that completely severs ones spinal cord. At this point the damage causes the function, feeling and movements to be gone. And there is very little that can be done to treat the individual. This is where location come into factor. If the damage is higher it is known to cause an individual to be quadriplegic because it is closer to the head in the neck area. Paralysis has affected all four limbs of our body and 24 hour care will be needed for someone with this kind of spinal cord injury. When the damage is mid point or lower on body the individual is a paraplegic. The paralysis affects the lower torso of the body causing decreased function, and sensation. Testing used for spinal cord injuries include CT scans, MRI’s and x-rays. There are primary and secondary spinal cord injuries. Primary causes compression and contusion damaging nerve cells and blood vessels that support our bone structure. Secondary causes decrease in blood flow and a larger amount of free radicals causing cell death.