1) They are 13 Multiple choice questions. Complete the Quiz for Chapter 4. 2)

1) They are 13 Multiple choice questions. Complete the Quiz for Chapter 4.
2) Leave a comment in 150 Words to 2 of your peers response. See questions and response below
1. In their discussion of the “Neuropsychology of Color Vision,” (2017, pp. 148-149) explained how Isaac Newton’s experiments led to the discovery that “white” light from the sun is composed of different wavelengths of light.
Questions
(a) What happened when the white light was passed through either prism that led to the discovery of the solar spectrum?
(b) What is the synonym for “complementary colors” and what did Maxwell discover about these colors?
(c) Define and explain the “Young-Helmholtz trichromatic theory.”
Student 1 Jenna(a)
As the light passes through the prism, the shorter wavelengths were refracted more than the longer ones and then separated and spread out in the order of the wavelengths. (Fancher, R. (2016). Pioneers of Psychology (5th Edition, pg.148). W. W. Norton & Company)
Student 2I van (a)
When the white light passed through a prism it was refracted and it was separated into its component colors which led to forming a rainbow-like spectrum. Based on figure 4.5 the discovery of the solar spectrum led to the realization that white light from the sun is not a pure color, but it’s a composition of different colors with different wavelengths. This experiment demonstrated that light is not just one color but a mixture of colors and paved the way for the study of color vision and the field of optics.
Student 1 Jenna (b)
A synonym for complementary colors would be color mixing and Maxwell discovered that the human eyes could respond to mixtures of wavelengths the same way it does to individual colors on the spectrum. (Fancher, R. (2016). Pioneers of Psychology (5th Edition, pg.149). W. W. Norton & Company)
Sudent 2 Ivan (b)
The synonym of “complementary color” is “opposite colors.” Maxwell discover about these colors that complementary colors are pairs of colors that when they are combined produce a neutral gray or color white. While doing this process he demonstrated that all colors can be created by mixing three primary colors in which they are red, green, and blue. For example, “Here was a refinement of Müller’s law of specific nerve energies, suggesting that individual nerves transmit sensory messages not only of a specific kind (visual, auditory, tactile, and so on) but also of a specific quality (red, green, or blue-violet). (Neuropsychology of Color Vision,” (2017. Pp.148-149).
Student 1 Jenna(c)
Young-Helmholtz trichromatic theory suggests that the retina has three different light-sensitive receptor cells that with equal combinations of red, blue, and green can create white light or use various combinations to create any color. Each one would respond firmly to one of the primary colors. It was also theorized that sensory nerves transmit signals of certain kinds and qualities, of the five senses, and of different wavelengths. (Fancher, R. (2016). Pioneers of Psychology (5th Edition, pg.149). W. W. Norton & Company)
Student 2 Ivan (c)
The “Young-Helmholtz trichromatic theory is a theory of color vision that Thomas Young and Hermann von Helmholtz proposed in the early 19th century. This theory is suggesting that the human eye has three types of color receptors and each of those response to a specific range of wavelengths of light. The three types of receptors are sensitive to short-blue, medium-green, and long-red wavelengths of light. According to the theory, all colors that we perceive are the result of the activity of these three types of receptors in our eyes. When a different combination of these three types of receptors is stimulated differently, they create the perception of a wide range of colors.
2. Critical thinking: With the invention of “psychophysics,” we learned that our everyday sensory observations can be overwhelmed so that our perceptions can be altered. Fancher & Rutherford (2017) discussed the contributions of the following pioneers to the field of psychophysics (pp. 157-159).
– Kant
– Helmholtz
– Fechner
– Weber
Opinion: Which ONE of these four pioneers made the most significant contribution to the field of “psychophysics”? Why? Carefully explain.
Student 1 Jenna
I believe that Weber made the most significant contribution to psychophysics. Weber set the foundation for Fechner’s desire to measure the subjectiveness of stimuli. Weber’s law indicates that the perception of stimuli is relative but not absolute. This means that people don’t perceive stimuli in terms of their absolute intensity but rather their intensity relative to other stimuli (Fancher, R. (2016). Pioneers of Psychology (5th Edition, pg.158). W. W. Norton & Company). Weber used an array of similar-looking objects to determine if one could differentiate two objects between their relative and actual weight. He concluded that weights differing at least 3% had greater distinction rates. He also introduced the concept of Just Noticeable Differences. Meaning that the minimum amount of difference between the two weights, approximately 0.03, was necessary to tell them apart (Fancher, R. (2016). Pioneers of Psychology (5th Edition, pg.159). W. W. Norton & Company). The change in the stimulus can only be notified if it remains in ratio with the original. This scale could be used to measure all five senses just slightly alters for each. His work provided Fechner with the vital clue he needed to empirically intrinsic harmony between the physical and the psychological world.
Student 2 Ivan
I believe that each of the four pioneers made significant contributions to the field of psychology but for me, the one that makes the most significant contribution was Gustav Fechner. Fechner was the first one to apply rigorous experimental methods to the study of the relationship between physical stimuli and psychological perception. He was able to develop the concept of JND which is the smallest detectable difference between two stimuli that can be perceived by an observer. The experiment of JND led to the development of the Weber-Fechner law which describes the relationship between the physical intensity of a stimulus and the psychological perception of that stimulus. For example, “Critics pointed to studies showing that the equation was accurate only approximately and tended to break down at the extremes of high and low sensory intensities. They found that absolute thresholds differed somewhat from person to person, or even within the same person from time to time.” (psychophysics 2017pg.157-159). As different from Kant, Helmholtz, and Weber, Fechner’s experimental methods and quantitative approach were a major turning point in the history of psychology (it established a scientific study of sensory perception).
*They are 13 Multiple choice questions. Complete the Quiz for Chapter 4. NB: I will have to open the quiz for you and submit the questions. 90 Mins