Part One (Initial Post Response) Highlight at least one threat to internal and e

Part One (Initial Post Response)
Highlight at least one threat to internal and external validity and reliability.
Explore why these threats are problematic and how they could be remedied.
Consider which validity threats are most common.
Which are the most difficult to deal with?
Requirements For Discussion/Response Postings
Initial discussion posts must be at least 250 words.
Students must follow the APA writing style, particularly:
Parenthetical and Narrative In-Text Citations.
References.
Heading Levels.
**NO plagiarism***
Video Link: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_AnX2A8MeI8https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_AnX2A8MeI8
Part Two (Peer Review Response)
Review Peers Post and Respond.
Peer Response post must be at least 250 words.
Melissa,
“The effect of positive psychology interventions on well-being and distress in clinical samples with psychiatric or somatic disorders” aimed to examine the effects of positive psychology interventions on well-being in clinical samples with psychiatric or somatic disorders. While the study provides valuable insights, several threats to internal and external validity and reliability may impact the study’s results. One of the potential threats to internal validity is the possibility of publication bias. Studies with null or negative findings may be less likely to be published, leading to an overestimation of the effectiveness of PPIs. To address this issue, researchers could use funnel plots or the trim-and-fill method to detect and correct publication bias (Andrade, 2018). With the growing interest in PPIs in the clinical setting, researchers need better-quality studies to determine the efficacy of PPIs in clinical samples.
A potential threat to external validity is the generalizability of the study results. When outliers were not considered, the PPIs exhibited a significant, small impact size on depression (g = 0.23) and well-being (Hedges’ g = 0.24) after the intervention compared to controls (Chakhssi et al., 2018). Regarding reliability, a threat is a potential measurement error because of the use of self-reported measures of well-being, depression, anxiety, and stress. Self-reported measures may be subject to response bias and social desirability bias, leading to overestimating PPIs’ effectiveness. One of psychology research’s most common validity threats is the potential for confounding variables. Confounding variables can influence the relationship between the independent and dependent variables, leading to incorrect conclusions (Andrade, 2018). Researchers should account for possible confounding variables while planning experiments and assessing data to lessen the influence of confounding variables. The most difficult validity threat to deal with is likely the potential for confounding variables, as it can be challenging to identify and control for all relevant variables.