The paper MUST include (required) information from a minimum of three (3) journa

The paper MUST include (required) information from a minimum of three (3) journals from Florida National University (FNU) Library Database of Journals, any other sources accepted, but not counted. Students should choose the journals that discuss the topic chosen, obtain information from them, and write the paper…NOTE: Points will be deducted if APA Writing Guidelines and Instructions provided by the Instructor are not followed…
Students may choose any subtitle from any chapter from the Textbook of this course, as the Topic for your paper, it is not required to write the paper about the whole chapter, only a fraction of it, the part that more interest you, or that you best understand…Any Topic chosen that it is not from any chapter from the book will be rejected…!!!
Students, there is only one attempt to upload the paper, therefore, before you upload it, assure yourself the paper has complied with APA Writing Guidelines and my own instructions, otherwise you will lose points:
The paper MUST have a Total minimum of seven (7) pages as follows:
Page #1 =====>>> Title page (on a page by itself)
Page #2 =====>>> Abstract page (on a page by itself)
Page #3, #4, and #5 (minimum) =====>>> Body Narrative pages (minimum of three pages, all three by itself)
Page #6 =====>>> Conclusion page (on a page by itself)
Page #7 =====>>> References page (on a page by itself)
The paper MUST include (required) information from a minimum of three (3) journals from Florida National University (FNU) Library Database of Journals, any other sources accepted, but not counted. Students should choose the journals that discuss the topic chosen, obtain information from them, and write the paper…NOTE: Points will be deducted if APA Writing Guidelines and Instructions provided by the Instructor are not followed…
Students may choose any subtitle from any chapter from the Textbook of this course, as the Topic for your paper, it is not required to write the paper about the whole chapter, only a fraction of it, the part that more interest you, or that you best understand…Any Topic chosen that it is not from any chapter from the book will be rejected…!!!
Students, there is only one attempt to upload the paper, therefore, before you upload it, assure yourself the paper has complied with APA Writing Guidelines and my own instructions, otherwise you will lose points:
The paper MUST have a Total minimum of seven (7) pages as follows:
Page #1 =====>>> Title page (on a page by itself)
Page #2 =====>>> Abstract page (on a page by itself)
Page #3, #4, and #5 (minimum) =====>>> Body Narrative pages (minimum of three pages, all three by itself)
Page #6 =====>>> Conclusion page (on a page by itself)
Page #7 =====>>> References page (on a page by itself)
Chapter 3 summary
Class Book
•
• Title: Our Sexuality
Authors: R. Crooks, K. Baur, and L. Widman
Edition: 14th Edition – Year 2021
Publisher: Cengage
ISBN #: 13-978035730750
Chapter 3. Female Sexual Anatomy and Physiology
Summary
The Vulva
The female external genitals, also called the vulva, comprise the mons veneris, labia majora, labia minora, clitoris, and urethral and vaginal openings. Each vulva is unique in shape, color, and texture.
Genital self-exploration is a good way for a female to learn about her own body and to notice any changes that may require medical attention.
Pornography has influenced some women to surgically alter their vulvas rather than understanding and appreciating all the normal variations of shapes.
The mons veneris and labia majora have underlying pads of fatty tissue and are covered by pubic hair beginning at adolescence.
The labia minora are folds of sensitive skin that begin at the hood over the clitoris and extend downward to below the vaginal opening, or introitus. The area between them is called the vestibule.
The clitoris is composed of the external glans and shaft and the internal crura. The glans contains densely concentrated nerve endings. The only function of the clitoris is sexual pleasure.
The urethral opening is located between the clitoris and the vaginal introitus.
Many cultures have placed great importance on the hymen as proof of virginity.
Underlying Structures
Below the surface of the vulva are the vestibular bulbs and the pelvic floor muscles.
Internal Structures
The vagina, with its three layers of tissue, extends about 3 to 5 inches into the pelvic cavity. It is a potential rather than an actual space and increases in size during sexual arousal, coitus, and childbirth. The other internal reproductive structures are the cervix, uterus, fallopian tubes, and ovaries.
Kegel exercises are voluntary contractions of the vaginal muscles.
Vaginal lubrication, the secretion of alkaline fluid through the vaginal walls during arousal, is important both in enhancing the longevity and motility of sperm cells and in increasing the pleasure and comfort of intercourse.
The Grafenberg spot (G-spot) is not a distinct spot, but an area of spongy tissue that surrounds the urethra on the anterior (top) wall of the vagina. This area of the clitoral complex is usually located the first one-third to one-half the distance from the vaginal opening to the back of the vagina. Many females report erotic sensitivity to pressure in some area of their vaginas.
The vaginal walls and cervix produce normal secretions.
Menstruation
The menstrual cycle results from a complex interplay of hormones. Although negative social attitudes have historically been attached to menstruation, some people are redefining it in a more positive fashion.
There are usually no medical reasons to abstain from intercourse during menstruation. However, many people do limit their sexual activity during this time.
Some females have difficulties with PMS (premenstrual syndrome), PMDD (premenstrual dysphoric disorder), or primary or secondary dysmenorrhea. Knowledge about the physiological factors that contribute to these problems is increasing, and some of the problems can be treated.
Amenorrhea occurs normally during pregnancy, while breast-feeding, and after menopause. It can also be due to medical problems or poor health.
Menopause
Menopause is the cessation of menstruation, and it signals the end of female fertility. The average age of menopause is 51. Because of increases in life expectancy, females can expect to live half their adult lives following menopause.
Most females experience few uncomfortable symptoms during the aging process and maintain sexual interest and response. Others experience symptoms such as hot flashes, sleep disturbance, depression or anxiety, headaches, and sensitivity to touch as a result of declining estrogen levels.
Hormone therapy (HT) is a medical treatment for menopausal symptoms that has potential benefits and risks that should be carefully considered before it is used.
Gynecological Health Concerns
Occasionally, a vaginal infection occurs that results in irritation, unusual discharge, or a disagreeable odor.
The Pap smear has significantly reduced deaths from cervical cancer.
There is considerable medical controversy about the appropriate use of hysterectomy. Hysterectomy or oophorectomy can affect sexuality—either positively or negatively.
The Breasts
The breasts are composed of fatty tissue and milk-producing glands. Self-examination of the breasts is an important part of health care.
Three types of lumps can appear in the breasts: cysts, fibroadenomas, and malignant tumors. Careful diagnosis of a breast lump is important. Mammography and other tests can help detect and diagnose breast cancer. A lumpectomy is often as effective as more-severe procedures.
Class Book
•
• Title: Our Sexuality
Authors: R. Crooks, K. Baur, and L. Widman
Edition: 14th Edition – Year 2021
Publisher: Cengage
ISBN #: 13-978035730750
Chapter 3. Female Sexual Anatomy and Physiology
Summary
The Vulva
The female external genitals, also called the vulva, comprise the mons veneris, labia majora, labia minora, clitoris, and urethral and vaginal openings. Each vulva is unique in shape, color, and texture.
Genital self-exploration is a good way for a female to learn about her own body and to notice any changes that may require medical attention.
Pornography has influenced some women to surgically alter their vulvas rather than understanding and appreciating all the normal variations of shapes.
The mons veneris and labia majora have underlying pads of fatty tissue and are covered by pubic hair beginning at adolescence.
The labia minora are folds of sensitive skin that begin at the hood over the clitoris and extend downward to below the vaginal opening, or introitus. The area between them is called the vestibule.
The clitoris is composed of the external glans and shaft and the internal crura. The glans contains densely concentrated nerve endings. The only function of the clitoris is sexual pleasure.
The urethral opening is located between the clitoris and the vaginal introitus.
Many cultures have placed great importance on the hymen as proof of virginity.
Underlying Structures
Below the surface of the vulva are the vestibular bulbs and the pelvic floor muscles.
Internal Structures
The vagina, with its three layers of tissue, extends about 3 to 5 inches into the pelvic cavity. It is a potential rather than an actual space and increases in size during sexual arousal, coitus, and childbirth. The other internal reproductive structures are the cervix, uterus, fallopian tubes, and ovaries.
Kegel exercises are voluntary contractions of the vaginal muscles.
Vaginal lubrication, the secretion of alkaline fluid through the vaginal walls during arousal, is important both in enhancing the longevity and motility of sperm cells and in increasing the pleasure and comfort of intercourse.
The Grafenberg spot (G-spot) is not a distinct spot, but an area of spongy tissue that surrounds the urethra on the anterior (top) wall of the vagina. This area of the clitoral complex is usually located the first one-third to one-half the distance from the vaginal opening to the back of the vagina. Many females report erotic sensitivity to pressure in some area of their vaginas.
The vaginal walls and cervix produce normal secretions.
Menstruation
The menstrual cycle results from a complex interplay of hormones. Although negative social attitudes have historically been attached to menstruation, some people are redefining it in a more positive fashion.
There are usually no medical reasons to abstain from intercourse during menstruation. However, many people do limit their sexual activity during this time.
Some females have difficulties with PMS (premenstrual syndrome), PMDD (premenstrual dysphoric disorder), or primary or secondary dysmenorrhea. Knowledge about the physiological factors that contribute to these problems is increasing, and some of the problems can be treated.
Amenorrhea occurs normally during pregnancy, while breast-feeding, and after menopause. It can also be due to medical problems or poor health.
Menopause
Menopause is the cessation of menstruation, and it signals the end of female fertility. The average age of menopause is 51. Because of increases in life expectancy, females can expect to live half their adult lives following menopause.
Most females experience few uncomfortable symptoms during the aging process and maintain sexual interest and response. Others experience symptoms such as hot flashes, sleep disturbance, depression or anxiety, headaches, and sensitivity to touch as a result of declining estrogen levels.
Hormone therapy (HT) is a medical treatment for menopausal symptoms that has potential benefits and risks that should be carefully considered before it is used.
Gynecological Health Concerns
Occasionally, a vaginal infection occurs that results in irritation, unusual discharge, or a disagreeable odor.
The Pap smear has significantly reduced deaths from cervical cancer.
There is considerable medical controversy about the appropriate use of hysterectomy. Hysterectomy or oophorectomy can affect sexuality—either positively or negatively.
The Breasts
The breasts are composed of fatty tissue and milk-producing glands. Self-examination of the breasts is an important part of health care.
Three types of lumps can appear in the breasts: cysts, fibroadenomas, and malignant tumors. Careful diagnosis of a breast lump is important. Mammography and other tests can help detect and diagnose breast cancer. A lumpectomy is often as effective as more-severe procedures.