This week, you were introduced to a variety of theories of intelligence, includi

This week, you were introduced to a variety of theories of intelligence, including:
Spearman’s two-factor theory (1927).
Cattell-Horn’s two-factor theory (1966).
Luria’s information processing approach (1966).
Cattell-Horn and Carroll’s CHC model (1997).
Carroll’s three-stratum theory (1997).
In your discussion post for this week, follow the guidelines below:
Describe how these theories differ in regard to the ever-reversing role of the general intellectual ability factor (g).
Explain how these theories are relied upon in each of the following current tests that you also read about this week. Please note that some of these tests may now rely on more than one theory, or a theory different than the original versions of the same test. Subsequently, you will need to address such multiple contributions and only for the versions listed below (for example, fifth edition).
Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children, fourth and fifth editions.
Kaufman Assessment Battery for Children, second edition.
Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scales, fifth edition.
Woodcock-Johnson Tests of Cognitive Abilities, third or fourth editions.
Explain your thoughts regarding an intelligence test that has a dual theoretical basis, based on your readings and review of the theoretical influences on these tests. Explain your position by including consideration of validity.
Explain which theory of intelligence you find yourself most affiliated within the context of your professional goals.
Explain how your selected theoretical model aligns with your interests and career.
Also if you can respond to Nicole in a seperate paragraph please and thank you!
Class,
Intelligence consists of the ability to: “understand complex ideas; adapt effectively to the environment; learn from experience; engage in various forms of reasoning; overcome obstacles by taking thought.” (Cohen, R. 2021) This is just one of the many ways intelligence has been defined over the years by many different sources. There are many theories that explain intelligence and some of them are: Spearman’s two-factor theory (1927), Cattell-Horn’s two-factor theory (1966), Luria’s information processing approach (1966), Cattell-Horn and Carroll’s CHC model (1997), and Carroll’s three-stratum theory (1997).
Charles Spearman presented his theory of intelligence called two-factor theory in 1904. According to him, intellectual abilities are comprised of two factors; the general ability known as G-factor and specific Abilities known as S-factors. “Tests that exhibited high positive correlations with other intelligence tests were thought to be highly saturated with g, whereas tests with low or moderate correlations with other intelligence tests were viewed as possible measures of specific factors (such as visual or motor ability). The greater the magnitude of g in a test of intelligence, the better the test was thought to predict overall intelligence.” (Cohen, R. 2021)
According to the Cattell-Horn theory of intelligence, general intelligence can be divided into two forms of abilities, which are Fluid intelligence and Crystallized intelligence. “Cattell (1943) presented evidence that there was not one general factor of intelligence, but at least two general factors. Cattell’s first general factor, general fluid intelligence (Gf), is essentially equivalent to Spearman’s g, in that its function is to identify novel patterns, solve unfamiliar problems, and acquire new knowledge. In contrast, general crystallized intelligence (Gc) is a repository of knowledge and skills that have proved useful in solving problems in the past.” (Cohen, R. 2021)
Luria’s clinical investigations of brain damaged patients led him to theorize that the brain processes information in two different modes, which he describes as simultaneous integration and successive integration. “In simultaneous (or parallel) processing, information is integrated all at one time. In successive (or sequential) processing, each bit of information is individually processed in sequence. As its name implies, sequential processing is logical and analytic in nature; piece by piece and one piece after the other, information is arranged and rearranged so that it makes sense” (Cohen, R. 2021)
The Cattell–Horn–Carroll theory is a mixture of two already developed models of intelligence: the theory of fluid and crystallized intelligence and Carroll’s three-stratum theory, a hierarchical, three-stratum model of intelligence. “Horn and Cattell maintained that although Carroll’s analyses were correct, his interpretation was not. They believed that Spearman’s g was a statistical entity that resulted from the cumulative investment of fluid reasoning into learning. Spearman’s g, in their view, could not account for how different abilities developed over time and responded to disease and trauma.” (Cohen, R. 2021)
John Carrol was a scholar and test developer. He used a process of research data using standardized set of procedures. “Carroll’s interpretation of the data differed sharply from Gf-Gc theory on only question. He believed that the data clearly showed that Spearman’s general factor sat atop the hierarchy of broad and narrow abilities. Thus, he called his model of intelligence the three-stratum theory of cognitive abilities because he thought intelligence is best described at three levels (or strata): general, broad, and narrow. (Cohen, R. 2021)
Thanks,
Nicole Garcez
Cohen, R. J. (2021). Psychological Testing and Assessment (10th ed.). McGraw-Hill Higher Education (US). https://capella.vitalsource.com/books/9781264169207
Also if you can respond to Sarah in a seperate paragraph please thank you!
The two-factor theory developed by Spearman stated that tests were influenced by general abilities (g) and specific abilities (s) (Cohen, 2021). General abilities looks at our entire intelligence capacity and at specific areas or abilities, differing from the general intellectual ability factor, which only looks at general abilities as a whole (Cohen, 2021). Catell-Horn’s two factor theory uses general fluid intelligency (Gf), which looks at all of our skills and learned information. Luria looked at simultaneous and successive processing to focus more on the method in which information is processed, rather than what information is processed like with general abilities (g)(Cohen, 2021). Catell-Horn and Carroll’s theory is an expansion to Catell-Horn’s two-factor theory in the fact that it also examines the method of processing, but also looked into how all of this information pulled together (Cohen, 2021). Lastly is Carroll’s three-stratum theory. This theory is more specific than general abilities because it splits intelligence up into categories (Cohen, 2021).
The Wechsler Intelligence Scale fits with Catell-Horn and Carroll’s CHC theory, since it looks into five primary categories, matching up to CHC’s wide variety of skills. The Kaufman Battery Assessment for Kids is most related to Catell-Horn’s two factor theory and Luria’s information processing approach because it examines problem solving and methods or skills necessary in order to problem solve. Stanford-Binet also relies on the CHC theory, due to the broad categories of the theory. Woodcock- Johnson also relies on Catell-Horn’s CHC.
I believe that tests that rely on multiple theories are more reliable as tests with multiply theories supply more information and cover more areas.
In terms of my professional goals, I feel most affiliated with Luria’s theory or the CHC theory. Applied Behavior Analysis relies on establishing functions of behavior, which makes understanding the process of processing information important. CHC also looks at different areas of processing, which is beneficial in the field.